GEOGRAPHICALLY INDIRECT IMMIGRATION TO CANADA - DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS

This article is concerned with geographically indirect immigration to Canada over the period 1968-1988. A geographically indirect immigrant is an individual legally admitted to Canada whose country of last perm anent residence differs from country of birth. Records maintained by E mployment and Immigration Canada on every immigrant legally admitted o ver the period were used in the study. Relative to geographically dire ct immigrants, geographically indirect immigrants tend to be older, mo re highly educated, and more highly skilled. Moreover, if they were no t born in an English or French speaking country, indirect immigrants a re more likely to speak English and/or French capably than direct migr ants born in such countries. The study also contains bivariate legit e stimates of a model of geographically indirect Canadian immigration. T his model suggests that indirect migrants tend to be influenced by per sonal characteristics (age, sex, marital status, occupation, language ability), as well as by various characteristics of the country of birt h (distance hem Canada, income level, political conditions).