PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE WESTERN PELAGONIAN CONTINENTAL-MARGIN IN BEOTIA(GREECE) DURING THE CRETACEOUS-BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS (DELTA-C-13,DELTA-O-18) OF CALCAREOUS DEPOSITS
T. Steuber et al., PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE WESTERN PELAGONIAN CONTINENTAL-MARGIN IN BEOTIA(GREECE) DURING THE CRETACEOUS-BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS (DELTA-C-13,DELTA-O-18) OF CALCAREOUS DEPOSITS, Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, 102(3-4), 1993, pp. 253-271
The palaeogeography of Beotia, Greece, during the Cretaceous is outlin
ed on the basis of biostratigraphic evidence derived predominantly fro
m the distribution of rudist bivalves and planktonic foraminifera. Obs
erved facies trends are evaluated together with carbon and oxygen isot
opic compositions of limestones and rudist shells. The interaction bet
ween global sea level fluctuations and gradual subsidence of the Pelag
onian continental margin controlled facies distribution during most of
the Cretaceous. The sedimentary record begins with Berriasian flysch-
type deposits that accumulated during incipient Eohellenian orogenic m
ovements. Barremian deposits with similar sedimentological characteris
tics probably belong to the same tectonostratigraphic unit. During Apt
ian-Cenomanian times, terrigenous clastics with a few intercalated mar
ine limestones accumulated in South Beotia. The fossil content of patc
h reefs presents important biostratigraphic marks in this terrigenous
sequence. Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions recorded unstable ma
rine environments and subsequent decrease of continental influx. Conti
nuous subsidence and rising sea levels are evident in the Late Turonia
n onlap of rudist limestones on the Eohellenian basement of the Ptoon
Mountains as well as in the interfingering of calcareous slope deposit
s and basinal Globotruncana-mudstones of South Beotia. During Late Con
iacian-Early Santonian, a marked regression finally led to a regional
emersion and the development of a karst relief. This regression is pre
dated by ''heavy'' oxygen isotopic compositions in the Coniacian limes
tones, which probably resulted from isolation of a larger marine embay
ment from oceanic circulation. The subsequent Late Santonian-Campanian
transgression flooded all of Beotia. Its sediments lie over allochtho
nous laterites. Extended rudist biostromes developed as soon as contin
ental influx ceased, as indicated both by the stable isotope compositi
ons of rudist shells and embedding limestones. During the Late Campani
an, the rather uniform platform-type depositional environments differe
ntiated and pelagic sedimentation recurred in South Beotia, whereas de
positional environments to the north remained shallow. Incipient tecto
nic movements were responsible for a Late Maastrichtian emersion of No
rth Beotia, while basinal conditions persisted in the south. The onset
of flysch-type sedimentation occurred simultaneously during the Late
Paleocene in North Beotia, as well as in the adjacent Parnassus and Pi
ndos zones. However, this important facies transition has not yet been
precisely dated in South Beotia.