EC LOBBYING IN THE GREENHOUSE - INSTITUTI ONAL CHANGE AND NEW STRATEGIES

The development of EC climate policy, from 1990 to the Rio Conference in June 1992, led to some of the most ferocious lobby activities ever seen in Brussels. This article seeks first to analyse to what extent E C institutional changes can explain the significant increase in enviro nment-related lobby activity at the Community level. Secondly, investi gation has been made as to what extent such changes have influenced lo bby strategies. Thirdly, the actual influence of the industry and envi ronmental organizations on EC climate policy is discussed. It is concl uded that the Single European Act and the Maastricht Treaty have made lobbying at the national level insufficient, and cross-sector lobby st rategies more important. Neither the industry nor the environmental NG Os have achieved their goals, although the industry did win a semi-vic tory.