Ad. Bandrauk et H. Shen, EXPONENTIAL SPLIT OPERATOR METHODS FOR SOLVING COUPLED TIME-DEPENDENTSCHRODINGER-EQUATIONS, The Journal of chemical physics, 99(2), 1993, pp. 1185-1193
Coherent excitation of molecules with laser pulses are usually describ
ed by coupled time-dependent linear parabolic partial differential equ
ations, i.e., Schrodinger equations. Numerical solutions of these equa
tions based on splitting (factorization) of the exponential form of th
e evolution operator or time-dependent propagator are examined for acc
uracy of amplitude and phase as a function of various unitary splittin
g schemes.