The living matter is sensitive to electric field impulses, and in part
icular the membrane structure of cells can be transiently modified und
er calibrated impulses. This, combined with permeabilization, gives ac
cess to the cytoplasmic volume. Morover, fusion of cells by contact or
insertion of receptors is made possible. These acquisitions of fundam
ental research on electricity-living matter interactions has recently
led to practical achievements.