The science of mapping genetic traits, including those of agronomic in
terest, is well established and many genetic marker systems are availa
ble. However, the application of genetic diagnostics in plant breeding
is in its infancy. The sample throughput and cost requirements are ve
ry different from those of medical DNA diagnostics. It will be necessa
ry to automate the DNA isolation process, DNA amplification-based alle
le identification and data handling. Here, we discuss recent progress
in the development of molecular technology for plant breeding.