The annual per caput effective dose and the genetically significant do
se to the Australian population, arising from the practice of nuclear
medicine, were estimated from the results of a survey of all major hos
pitals. The survey was conducted for a 4-wk time period during June-Ju
ly 1991. Patients were characterized by age and gender. The use of dia
gnostic radiopharmaceuticals resulted in values of 64 muSv and 26 muSv
per caput for effective dose and the genetically significant dose, re
spectively. The effective dose has shown a marked increase in the last
decade. These values may be compared to the estimated 2 mSv from natu
ral background radiation.