INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT AND THE GREAT-LAKES

Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) has developed over the last several years as a major international initiative resulting from the 1 992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. The conc ept is based on an attempt to develop an uniform management framework for a comprehensive approach to all the sectoral activities that effec t the coastal zone. The development of Great Lakes coastal (or shoreli ne) management plans by the US state governments and the province of O ntario largely fail to address the range of issues and mechanisms cons idered as essential components of ICZM. The preparation of management plans needs to reflect a stronger attempt to develop a broader ecosyst em approach with linkages to human activities and impacts and address the variety of urban and rural land use concerns characteristic of the Great Lakes shoreline. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.