F. Chaput et al., PERMANENT BIREFRINGENCE OF FERROFLUID PARTICLES TRAPPED IN A SILICA MATRIX, Journal of non-crystalline solids, 160(1-2), 1993, pp. 177-179
Magnetic gamma-Fe2O3 (maghemite) grains have been incorporated in soli
d silica gel matrices under a static magnetic field which orientated a
t the magnetic particles during gelation. When the field is switched o
ff, dried gel samples exhibit permanent birefringence corresponding to
the locking of oriented magnetic particles.