SYNDECAN-1 - A NEW PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN LARYNGEAL-CANCER

The cell adhesion molecule syndecan-1 expression is induced during ker atinocyte differentiation and reduced during the formation of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). A significant correlation between decreased s yndecan-1 expression in head and neck SCC measured from frozen section s with immunohistochemical methods and clinical outcome are reported. The clinical relevance of the cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 is c ontroversial in SCC of the head and neck. The purpose of this study wa s to determine the expression of syndecan-1 and Ki-67 in SCC of the la rynx and correlate the results with known prognostic factors and clini cal outcome. Paraffin-embedded samples of 100 patients with laryngeal SCC (44 glottic, 36 supraglottic, 20 transglottic) treated at Turku Un iversity Central Hospital were re-examined and divided into four histo logical grades of differentiation, four grades of keratinisation, and four grades of 104-9 (syndecan-1) immunostaining. The mitotic index wa s analysed as the number of mitoses per volume corrected high power fi elds. The relative number of Ki-67 positive cells was evaluated. The p atients mean age was 64 years and the 5-year survival was 69%. In univ ariate analysis, intermediate or strong staining for syndecan-1 was as sociated with higher overall survival than those tumours with no or li ttle syndecan-1 expression (p = 0.048). Nodal status (p = 0.0001), tum our size (p = 0.0004) and localisation (p = 0.0008), general condition (p = 0.0001), histological grade (p = 0.02) and patient age (p = 0.03 ) correlated with overall survival whereas the Ki-67 index (p = 0.093) , mitotic index (p = 0.23) and grade of keratinisation (p = 0.90) fail ed to do so. The results suggest that syndecan-1 could be a useful pro gnostic factor in SCC of the larynx.