The use of paraffin isomerization depends to a large extent on the nee
ds of an individual refinery. The level of octane desired, optimizatio
n with other octane producers, and regulatory issues all need to be co
nsidered. The recent developmental thrust in both Penex and TIP techno
logies in the recent past has been to reduce costs. The HOT design in
Penex has resulted in cost savings of 20%. This concept has also been
extended to Butamer technology. The use of the TIP-SafeCat system dram
atically reduces the cost of upgrading sulfur-containing light naphtha
. Overall, isomerization offers the lowest cost method of octane-barre
l production.