The high-risk autopsy is defined as postmortem examination of a deceas
ed person who has had, or is likely to have had, a serious infectious
disease that can be transmitted to those present at the autopsy, there
by causing them serious illness and/or premature death. In this articl
e, particular attention is paid to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
and Hepatitis B infections, as these are diseases that are currently o
f concern among mortuary workers. Recognition of risk factors and inci
dence of cross-infection in the mortuary as well as various recommenda
tions for preventive measures are discussed. The need for high-risk au
topsies, both to further research into these infections and to assist
the police in cases of suspicious death, is stressed.