Ea. Klonoff et al., APPRAISAL AND RESPONSE TO PAIN MAY BE A FUNCTION OF ITS BODILY LOCATION, Journal of psychosomatic research, 37(6), 1993, pp. 661-670
This study explored the hypothesis that appraisals of and responses to
pain may in part be a function of where the pain is located. Results
revealed that appraising pain as life-threatening, seeking help, discl
osing pain to others and emotional distress in response to pain were c
ontingent on the pain's bodily location. Significant ethnic difference
s in appraisal of pain, and significant gender differences in disclosu
re of and emotional response to pain also were found.