Shoulder pain due to compression of the axillary nerve by fibrous band
s in the quadrilateral space has been termed the quadrilateral space s
yndrome. Selective atrophy of the teres minor muscle, which is innerva
ted by the axillary nerve, was demonstrated at magnetic resonance imag
ing in three patients with clinical findings of the syndrome. This fin
ding, in the appropriate clinical setting, is highly suggestive of the
quadrilateral space syndrome, which is a potentially reversible cause
of shoulder pain.