RESPONSE OF BONE AND ENAMEL FORMATION TO NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION AND MORBIDITY AMONG MALNOURISHED GUATEMALAN CHILDREN

The effects of changes in nutritional and health status upon bone and enamel development are examined in a sample of 63 rural Guatemalan chi ldren (24 females, 39 males). The number of ossified hand-wrist center s at 3 years and the number of linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH) in appr oximately 0-3 year zones of developing teeth were used to monitor the response of bone mineralization and enamel matrix formation to illness and nutritional supplementation. Numbers of ossified centers and LEH were compared across sex, supplementation, and morbidity groups. Ename l matrix secretion responded positively to increased supplementation. Children who received less than 34.25 kcal/day in supplement had more LEH than those who received more supplement. No differences in ossific ation status were found between supplementation groups. These data sug gest that enamel formation may be more sensitive to changes in nutriti onal status than is bone mineralization. Disruptions of bone and ename l formation were both associated with frequent illness. Children who w ere ill more than 3.6% of the time had more LEH and fewer ossified han d-wrist centers than children who were less frequently ill. Conclusion s regarding relative environmental sensitivity must take into account the specific aspects of dental and skeletal development examined. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.