F. Chandre et al., EFFECT OF IVERMECTIN ON 2 FILARIA-VECTOR PAIRS - BRUGIA-MALAYI AEDES-AEGYPTI - LITOMOSOIDES SIGMODONTIS-BDELLONYSSUS BACOTI, Annales de Parasitologie humaine et comparee, 68(3), 1993, pp. 144-149
The effect of ivermectin was studied on two filaria-vector pairs, Brug
ia malayi-Aedes aegypti and Litomosoides sigmodontis-Bdellonyssus baco
ti. The rodent hosts, respectively Mastomys coucha and Meriones unguic
ulatus, were treated with ivermectin doses of 0.05 mg/kg, or 0.2 mg/kg
or 2 mg/kg. Batches of vectors were fed on rodents, infected or not,
treated or not, from H7 to D43 post-ivermectin. Vector survival was ob
served and dissections were performed to study the filarial developmen
t. It appears that ivermectin has no systemic effect on vectors, or ve
ry little. The drug acts on transmission because it affects the microf
ilariae. Transmission of L. sigmodontis is blocked because microfilari
ae are eliminated from the blood. Transmission of B. malayi is blocked
although microfilaremia remains present at a low level. Two particula
r features are observed: microfilariae are hyper-ingested, but they do
not cross the stomach wall (in contrast, they cross at a high rate in
the control batch of Aedes, due to the << stomach wall limitation >>)
. These events might be explained by a muscular passivity of the micro
filariae treated with ivermectin. Transmission of the two filarioid sp
ecies is restored normally about D25-40 post ivermectin because a new
population of microfilariae has appeared. These ivermectin experiments
emphasize the diversity and complexity of two important phases of the
filarial cycle in the vector: the ingestion of microfilariae and the
passage through the stomach wall.