CA2-DI-(T-BUTYL)-1,4-BENZOHYDROQUINONE - RELATIONSHIP TO CA2+ POOLS AND RELEVANCE IN PLATELET ACTIVATION( RELEASE FROM PLATELET INTRACELLULAR STORES BY THAPSIGARGIN AND 2,5)
Ks. Authi et al., CA2-DI-(T-BUTYL)-1,4-BENZOHYDROQUINONE - RELATIONSHIP TO CA2+ POOLS AND RELEVANCE IN PLATELET ACTIVATION( RELEASE FROM PLATELET INTRACELLULAR STORES BY THAPSIGARGIN AND 2,5), Biochemical journal, 294, 1993, pp. 119-126
The effects of the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors thapsigargin (Tg) and 2,5-di
-(t-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone (tBuBHQ) were examined by using Ca2+-
regulatory systems of platelet mixed membranes, saponin-permeabilized
and intact platelets. Both agents inhibit Ca2+-ATPase activities of pl
atelet mixed membranes, without any effect on the basal Mg2+-ATPase ac
tivity. Tg is more effective (EC50 = 35 nM) than tBuBHQ (EC50 = 580 nM
). The effect of the two inhibitors on Ca-45(2+) release from saponin-
permeabilized platelets has also been characterized. Ca-45(2+) uptake
into non-mitochondrial intracellular stores occurs via an ATP-dependen
t mechanism, and if added at equilibrium the second messenger Ins(1,4,
5)P3 releases 50% of the accumulated Ca-45(2+). Maximally effective co
ncentrations of Tg (1 muM) and tBuBHQ (50 muM) release 77% and 68% of
the accumulated Ca-45(2+). Addition of Ins(1,4,5)P3 together with eith
er Tg or tBuBHQ resulted in a non-additive release which was the same
as with either Tg or tBuBHQ alone, indicating that the Ins(1,4,5)P3-se
nsitive Ca2+ pool was a subset of the pool that is sensitive to the Ca
2+-ATPase inhibitors. Release of Ca-45(2+) by either Tg or tBuBHQ was
not affected by heparin, which totally blocked Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca
2+ release, and Tg was found not to affect [P-32]Ins(1,4,5)P3 binding
to its receptor on mixed membranes. Thus both Tg and tBuBHQ release Ca
2+ from a pool that totally overlaps the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive pool w
ithout affecting Ins(1,4,5)P3 function. In intact indomethacin-treated
Fura 2-loaded platelets, Tg and tBuBHQ cause Ca2+ elevation, arising
from release from intracellular stores and influx from the outside. Bo
th Tg and tBuBHQ elevated Ca2+ to similar levels, which were less and
slower than those observed with thrombin. Addition of thrombin to cell
s already treated with Tg or tBuBHQ produced further elevation of Ca2, indicating agonist utilization of a Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor-insensitiv
e pool. In aggregation experiments Tg and tBuBHQ showed different func
tional effects. In indomethacin-treated cells Tg induces slow aggregat
ion and secretion responses, whereas tBuBHQ only induces shape change.
Both agents show synergistic secretory responses with the protein kin
ase C activator dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8). Tg also showed greater abil
ity than tBuBHQ to release [H-3]arachidonic acid (AA) from [H-3]AA-lab
elled platelets. Additionally, in [P-32]P1-labelled platelets both Tg
and tBuBHQ induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain, a 27 kDa pro
tein and the 45 kDa protein pleckstrin, but Tg showed a greater abilit
y than tBuBHQ to cause phosphorylation of pleckstrin. These studies in
dicate that Tg and tBuBHQ are effective in releasing the Ins(1,4,5)P3-
sensitive Ca2+ pool in platelets. The differences obtained in Tg- and
tBuBHQ-induced functional responses may reflect additional effects of
Tg on protein phosphorylation.