Mw. Armsworth et M. Holaday, THE EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA ON CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, Journal of counseling and development, 72(1), 1993, pp. 49-56
In this review the authors examine the cognitive, affective, behaviora
l, and somatic-physiological effects documented in the literature as s
equelae of overwhelming life events in children and adolescents. Findi
ngs from the literature are compared with the current formulations of
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the Diagnostic and Statistica
l Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised (DSM-III-R, Ameri
can Psychiatric Association, 1987) as this diagnostic category applies
to children. Responses likely to be observed in children and adolesce
nts who have been exposed to traumatic events are discussed Suggestion
s for future research and counseling practice are presented.