SEXUAL DIFFERENCE IN-FLIGHT ABILITIES AND FLIGHT-MUSCLE DIMORPHISM INFEMALE-ADULTS OF A CHAFER, ANOMALA-SCHONFELDTI OHAUS (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE)

In a chafer, Anomala schonfeldti OHAUS, collected from turfgrass in ce ntral Japan, 80.0% of male adults flew in a flight mill, as compared w ith only 5.9% of female ones. There was no significant difference in e ither the flight distance, flight duration or flight velocity between the male and female flyers. Whereas all males had flight muscles, only 23.5% of females had them. Thus the flightlessness of most female adu lts may be attributed to the lack of flight muscles. Nineteen percent of females reared in the laboratory did not have the muscles, suggesti ng that an intrinsic factor is responsible for the flight muscle devel opment in A. schonfeldti.