THE O-RING THEORY OF ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT

This paper proposes a production function describing processes subject to mistakes in any of several tasks. It shows that high-skill workers -those who make few mistakes-will be matched together in equilibrium, and that wages and output will rise steeply in skill. The model is con sistent with large income differences between countries, the predomina nce of small firms in poor countries, and the positive correlation bet ween the wages of workers in different occupations within enterprises. Imperfect observability of skill leads to imperfect matching and thus to spillovers, strategic complementarity, and multiple equilibria in education.