Id. Luzyanin et al., INTERGRANULAR AND INTRAGRANULAR IRREVERSIBILITY TEMPERATURES IN HIGH-T(C) CERAMIC SUPERCONDUCTORS, Superconductor science and technology, 6(8), 1993, pp. 597-604
It is first demonstrated experimentally that there are two different i
rreversibility temperatures, T(irr)cer and T(irr)gr (T(irr)cer < T(irr
)gr), in high-T(c) ceramic superconductors of the compositions Bi1.6Pb
0.3Sb0.1Sr2Ca2Cu2.8Oy and YBa2Cu4O8. At T < T(irr)cer, both intragranu
lar and intergranular irreversible currents are induced by pinning. Wh
en T > T(irr)gr, there are no irreversible currents. It is found that
T(irr)gr < T(c) for bismuth ceramics and T(irr)gr is similar to T(c) f
or YBa2Cu4O8.