Antineoplastic drug handling in the absence of adequate protective mea
sures has been associated with biological uptake of the drugs among ph
armacists and nurses. This study investigated the association between
occupational exposure to antineoplastics and the presence of acute sym
ptoms in a nationwide sample of 2,048 nurses and nurses' aides. Report
ed skin contact with the drugs was associated with a small but statist
ically significant increase in reported symptoms. Although number of d
oses handled and extent of protection used were significantly associat
ed with number of symptoms, their effect was not independent of skin c
ontact.