Nitrogen-based atmospheres are now being employed routinely by the pow
der-metal industry to sinter parts used in automobiles, electronic goo
ds and many household products. Because they compete in the global mar
ket, the manufacturers of these components constantly seek to reduce o
verall processing costs, including atmosphere cost. Recently, Air Prod
ucts has developed several systems to produce sintering atmospheres, f
rom nitrogen generated on-site with pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or
permeation (membrane) techniques, which are helping to lower costs wh
ile maintaining product quality and consistency. This paper describes
the results obtained by using these atmospheres to sinter iron and bro
nze powder-metal parts.