Ll. Birch et al., EFFECTS OF A NONENERGY FAT SUBSTITUTE ON CHILDRENS ENERGY AND MACRONUTRIENT INTAKE, The American journal of clinical nutrition, 58(3), 1993, pp. 326-333
To determine whether children adjusted their energy intake in response
to covert manipulations in the proportion of energy from dietary fat,
24-h food intake of 29 2- to 5-y-old children was measured over four
2-d blocks. In this within-subject crossover design, in the first thre
e meals of the first day of each block, children consumed foods contai
ning dietary fat or a nonenergy fat substitute, which provided 10% of
total daily energy intake. Children compensated for the missing energy
; cumulative energy intake differed by only 100 kJ over 2 d. Substitut
ion for dietary fat reduced the percent of energy from fat from 38.7%
to 36.4%. Children's intake at individual meals was highly variable (x
BAR CV 24.7%) relative to the variability of total daily energy intake
(CV = 8.6%). To produce this pattern, children adjusted energy intake
across successive meals. Use of a fat substitute at 10% of energy fro
m dietary fat did not significantly reduce 24-h energy intake.