This study examines the ''additional adult'' hypothesis for children l
iving with single mothers. Using data from the National Survey of Fami
lies and Households, we formed three groups: married mothers, single m
others with no other adults in the household, and single mothers with
one or more additional adults in the household. Single mothers' rating
s of their children's behavior did not vary with the presence of an ad
ditional adult, in general. Among adolescents, however, living with an
additional adult of the same sex was associated with comparatively po
sitive ratings. Living with grandparents was associated with more posi
tive ratings for adolescents but more negative ratings for children in
middle childhood.