MARSHALL,T.H., HABERMAS,JURGEN, CITIZENSHIP AND TRANSITION IN EASTERN-EUROPE

This paper begins with a question about the nature of social responses to economic and political change in Eastern Europe. It examines the n ature of citizenship and its associated rights, particularly the debat e centered on the model originally suggested by T. H. Marshall, and th e factors associated with welfare state development in industrial soci eties that have been identified through comparative quantitative analy sis. Moving to a closer focus on the nature of social order and the cr isis that has occurred in Eastern Europe, it considers the ideas of Ju rgen Habermas and the place of social movements in these, and reviews different models of social movements in the transition from state soci alism, using evidence from Estonia, Russia, and Hungary. Finally there are some comments on the relationship between social movements and th e future of posttransition societies.