Beta-carboxylations (PEPC, PEPCK) appeared wide-spread in plants. This
metabolic pathway occured as well in high plants as in algae, fungi,
bacteria, and cellular suspensions in multiplication. Relative carbon
incorporation induced by this pathway depended upon the plant and its
physiological situation. This pathway is more important in heterotroph
ic conditions and is associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, gly
colysis and neoglucogenesis.