TYPHILITIS IN CHILDREN WITH CANCER - A 30-YEAR EXPERIENCE

We identified 24 children treated for malignancies between 1962 and 19 92 who had antemortem diagnoses of typhlitis that were confirmed on re view. The study criteria specified the presence of fever, abdominal pa in, and tenderness, with radiological evidence of right-sided colonic inflammation. Typhlitis was most frequent in patients treated for acut e leukemias. Computed tomography and ultrasonography were more sensiti ve than plain radiography (false-negative rates, 15%, 23%, and 48%, re spectively). The wider availability of these sensitive procedures and the increased intensity of chemotherapeutic regimens may account for a marked increase in the incidence of typhlitis over the past 5 years. Most patients responded to aggressive medical management, and typhliti s was fatal in only two cases (1 of 21 cases managed medically and 1 o f 3 taken to surgery). Seven patients are alive > 1 year following the diagnosis. These findings contrast with prior descriptions of typhlit is as a preterminal event. Computed tomography and/or ultrasonography should be performed in all neutropenic patients with right-lower-quadr ant signs to permit prompt diagnosis and treatment.