The clinical management of an unusual case of postoperative ARDS is re
ported. A few hours following neck surgery and septic insult, the pati
ent developed unexpected ARDS. Aetiologic and supportive treatment wer
e successfully instituted and after 72 hours of intensive therapy, the
patient's clinical status improved. The very short time lapse between
the septic insult and appearance of ARDS is emphasized. A brief liter
ature review on aetiology, diagnosis and therapy of sepsis, as well as
some pertinent aspects concerning the pathogenesis of ARDS and its li
nkage to sepsis are presented.