ETHANOL INHIBITS MELATONIN SECRETION IN HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS IN A DOSE-DEPENDENT RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND CROSS-OVER STUDY

To elucidate the effects of alcohol on pineal rhythmicity, ethanol was administered in the evening in amounts usually consumed during social ingestion to nine healthy volunteers in a double blind, cross-over st udy. Plasma concentrations of melatonin, catecholamines (norepinephrin e and epinephrine), and ethanol were measured by RIA, high pressure li quid chromatography, and gas chromatography before and for 12 h after the administration of 0, 0.5, and 1 g ethanol/kg wt. Plasma melatonin and catecholamines displayed expected diurnal rhythms, with peak value s at 0300-0400 h for melatonin and trough values at 0100-0400 h for ca techolamines. Intake of ethanol between 1900-1945 h inhibited the noct urnal melatonin secretion dose-dependently during the first half of th e night, with no changes in urinary excretion of melatonin. The inhibi tion was 41% (P < 0.05) from the control at midnight for both ethanol doses, 33% (P < 0.05) at 0100 h, and 18% (P < 0.05) at 0200 h for the higher dose. In addition, the higher dose of ethanol increased plasma norepinephrine levels at 2000 and 2200 h (P < 0.01) until 0400 h (P < 0.05). Taking into account the involvement of melatonin in the regulat ion of sleep and diurnal rhythms, we suggest that ethanol-induced supp ression of nocturnal melatonin secretion and an increase in noradrener gic activity may be closely associated with disturbances in sleep and performance.