The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are diverse proteins which offer a uniq
ue opportunity to investigate protein assembly and evolution. Non-cova
lent assembly of tRNA synthetases has been achieved by association of
the core acceptor-stem binding catalytic domain with a domain that fac
ilitates interactions with more distal parts of the tRNA molecule. The
core catalytic domain has also been dissected into pieces which can b
e reassembled through complementary chain-packing interactions. Curren
t evidence suggests the possibility of assemblages of polypeptides as
intermediates in the early development of long single-chain aminoacyl-
tRNA synthetases.