PLATELET ACTIVATION RELEASES MEGAKARYOCYTE-SYNTHESIZED APOLIPOPROTEIN-J, A HIGHLY ABUNDANT PROTEIN IN ATHEROMATOUS LESIONS

Apolipoprotein J (apoJ) is an abundant glycoprotein in many biological fluids, and its constitutive high level synthesis is characteristic o f many epithelial cells exposed to harsh fluids such as urine, bile, a nd gastric secretions. In addition, dramatic induction of apoj occurs in cells surrounding several kinds of pathological lesions. Because pl atelets and circulating inflammatory cells represent critical elements in numerous pathological processes, we evaluated bone marrow cells fo r the presence of apoj. Based upon messenger RNA in situ hybridization and immunofluorescent protein detection, high-level apoJ gene express ion and protein accumulation occurred exclusively in mature megakaryoc ytes. Our results indicate that apoj is stored in platelet granules an d is released into extracellular fluid following platelet activation. Because atheromatous plaque development involves platelet aggregation and activation, we looked for and found abundant apoJ protein in advan ced human atheromatous lesions. Thus, platelet sequestration and activ ation may lead to the rapid deployment of apoj into sites of vascular injury. We hypothesize that platelet-derived apoJ participates in both short-term wound repair processes and chronic pathogenic processes at vascular interfaces.