The purpose of this study was to examine methodologically independent
infant, maternal, and dyadic variables to predict security of attachme
nt. The subjects were 52 mothers and their firstborn infants from midd
le- to upper-middle-class backgrounds. Prenatal assessment of maternal
characteristics included measures of depression, anxiety, and self-ef
ficacy. Infant characteristics were assessed via a standardized labora
tory procedure at 3 months of age. Dyadic behaviors were observed in t
he home also at 3 months of age. At 12 months of age, security of atta
chment was assessed in the Strange Situation procedure. Results indica
te that prenatal maternal anxiety and dyadic behaviors involving distr
ess management were the best predictors of security of attachment. Thi
s study provides support for the role of maternal characteristics meas
ured in the prenatal period as well as mother-infant dyadic patterns i
nvolving distress management in determining subsequent security of att
achment.