APPLICATION OF THE ELIASSEN BALANCED MODEL TO REAL-DATA TROPICAL CYCLONES

The Eliassen balanced vortex model assumes gradient balance of the azi muthal mean flow. This assumption was tested by calculating mean and e ddy terms in the radial momentum equation in the synoptic-scale enviro nments of two tropical cyclones. The azimuthally averaged gradient bal ance was accurate to within 15%-25% in the free atmosphere outside the core, even in the asymmetric outflow layer. Balanced secondary circul ations correlated well with circulations that included gradient therma l wind imbalance terms. Although the balanced model lacks Galilean inv ariance, balanced circulations were largely insensitive to use of a fi xed coordinate or a coordinate moving with the storm. This occurred be cause changes in eddy heat and angular momentum fluxes largely offset one another. The two-dimensional balanced solutions provide a reasonab ly robust measure of circulations induced by azimuthal eddy processes in the tropical cyclone environment. Nevertheless, individual forcing functions, such as the commonly examined lateral eddy flux convergence of angular momentum, often varied enormously between fixed and moving coordinates. Logic and available evidence suggest that such terms are meaningful only in a coordinate system moving with the storm.