Ds. Dimitrov et al., MYCOPLASMA-FERMENTANS (INCOGNITUS STRAIN) CELLS ARE ABLE TO FUSE WITHT-LYMPHOCYTES, Clinical infectious diseases, 17, 1993, pp. 190000305-190000308
Characteristics of the fusion of Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus str
ain) with cultured lymphocytes were investigated. The rate and extent
of fusion were monitored continuously in an assay that measured lipid
mixing on the basis of dequenching of a fluorescent probe, octadecylrh
odamine (R18), incorporated into mycoplasmas. Fusion of M. fermentans
was detected with CD4+ (Molt-3) cells, CD4- (12E1) cells, and primary
peripheral-blood lymphocytes. The level of fusion was relatively low (
8%-12%). Detection of a similarly low level of fusion by fluorescence
microscopy suggested the involvement of a specific lymphocyte subpopul
ation. After a short lag period, fusion at 37-degrees-C proceeded expo
nentially for approximately 30 minutes and was virtually complete at 6
0 minutes. Throughout the process, lymphocytes remained intact. Fusion
was stimulated by CaCl2 but not by MgCl2; its inhibition by antisera
to M. fermentans and by pretreatment of M. fermentans with proteolytic
enzymes implied that the mycoplasmas possessed a proteinase-sensitive
receptor involved in fusion. Mycoplasmas were rendered nonfusogenic b
y treatment with the uncoupler CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhy
drazone; 5 muM) but were unaffected by treatment with chlorpromazine (
10 muM) or DCCD (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; 50 muM); these findings sug
gested that a proton gradient across the cell membrane is required for
fusion.