SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION IN EDXRS

The principles of sampling, sample storage and sample preparation prio r to energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry with special attention paid to the methods of obtaining representative samples of heterogeneous ma terials such as soil, biological and geological specimens are presente d. Problems occur with losses of elements to be determined and also co ntamination of the sample. Sample preparation prior to analysis of env ironmental, biological and geological materials with and without chemi cal pretreatment is discussed. The procedure of sample digestion follo wed by preconcentration and separation of the elements to be determine d is discussed. Reference materials are needed for testing the applied procedures.