A. Brambilla et D. Damore, THE SIMULATION ERRORS INTRODUCED BY THE SPICE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. 1, Fundamental theory andapplications, 40(1), 1993, pp. 57-60
The Spice transient simulations of simple circuits that can be easily
solved by hand often give erroneous results. The numerical errors are
investigated and analyzed using the analogy of the simulation program
with a digital integrator. The transfer function of the digital integr
ator is defined through the z-transform. The solving method implemente
d in Spice is one of the possible approximations of the z-transform. T
his approximation has some good properties but also some drawbacks; it
warps the frequency and it is not step invariant.