This paper provides a general framework for constructing specification
tests for parametric and semiparametric models. The paper develops ne
w specification tests using the general framework. In particular, spec
ification tests for semiparametric partially linear regression and sam
ple selection models are introduced. The results apply in time series
and cross-sectional contexts. The method of proof exploits results con
cerning the stochastic equicontinuity or weak convergence of normalize
d sums of stochastic processes.