At. Beck et al., HOPELESSNESS, DEPRESSION, SUICIDAL IDEATION, AND CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS OF DEPRESSION, Suicide & life-threatening behavior, 23(2), 1993, pp. 139-145
The relevance of a clinical diagnosis of depression for explaining the
discrepant relationships of hopelessness and depression with suicidal
ideation was studied. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hopelessne
ss Scale (BHS), and the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) were administ
ered to 1,306 (72.8%) patients with at least one DSM-III-R mood disord
er and 488 (27.3%) patients without any mood disorders. A multiple reg
ression analysis was conducted, and hopelessness was 1.3 times more im
portant than depression was for explaining suicidal ideation. The inte
ractions of the BDI and BHS with diagnostic group were not significant
.