DETERMINATION OF STANDARD FREE-ENERGIES O F TRANSFER OF INDIVIDUAL IONS FROM WATER TO 20WT-PERCENT AND 40WT-PERCENT ETHANOL-WATER MIXTURES

The paper demonstrated that the extrapolation procedure based on the s tandard free energies of transfer of electrolytes, DELTAG(t)0(MCl), DE LTAG(t)0(MBr) and DELTAG(t)0(MI), for calculating standard free energi es of transfer of individual ions, DELTAG(t)0(i), is not correct becau se chloride ion is a hard base and iodide ion is a soft one. Anextrapo lation procedure based on DELTAG(t)0(NaF) and DELTAG(t)0(NaCl) is give n, the DELTAG(t)0(i) calculated agrees with that calculated using the extrapolation procedure based on the DELTAG(t)(MCI) of alkali-metal ch loride for 20 wt% and 40 wt% ethanol-water mixtures. The DELTAG(t)0(Na X) (X = F, Cl, Br, I), DELTAG(t)0(LiCl) and DELTAG(t)(HCl) were determ ined by use of ion-selective electrode potentiometries.