PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN NONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY RESEARCH

Research on nonionizing electromagnetic (NIEM) energy has focused on p otential hazards, and to a lesser degree beneficial applications, of r adiofrequency (RF) fields and extremely low frequency (ELF) fields. Th e history of research on the potential biological effects of NIEM cont ains many psychological investigations. These psychological investigat ions were conducted primarily in the discipline of biopsychology and i ncluded interdisciplinary cooperation with engineering, physical scien ces. and other disciplines not routinely associated with psychology. T he current recommended exposure level for RF is based on behavioral ob servations of laboratory animals. Psychology has been and continues to be in the midst of controversy regarding the ability of low-frequency , low-level electromagnetic energy or electric and magnetic fields to affect living organisms.