Despite extensive literature on toxic shock syndrome, reports of its m
anifestations in children remain relatively uncommon. Similarly, toxic
shock syndrome in association with influenza B or influenza-like illn
ess has been reported in 12 patients, but it has been reported to occu
r following influenza A in only two patients to date. We report a thir
d case of toxic shock syndrome in a child with influenza A and review
the association between epidemic influenza and toxic shock syndrome ('
'the Thucydides syndrome'').