T. Hirata et al., DEMONSTRATION OF A WAVE-GUIDE LENS MONOLITHICALLY INTEGRATED WITH A LASER-DIODE BY COMPOSITIONAL DISORDERING OF A QUANTUM-WELL, IEEE photonics technology letters, 5(6), 1993, pp. 698-700
An elliptic waveguide lens is monolithically integrated with a GaAs/Al
GaAs distributed feedback laser diode and a grating output coupler by
electron beam lithography, ion implantation, and two-step metalorganic
vapor phase epitaxy. The waveguide lens is formed by etching of a pat
terning layer in order that the fabrication process of the waveguide l
ens is compatible with that of the laser diode. Collimated output ligh
t is directly obtained from a semiconductor substrate using this waveg
uide lens and a grating output coupler.