ENERGY PORTRAIT OF TURKEY - ACHIEVABLE SAVINGS THROUGH RENEWABLE ENERGIES AND CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES

This article begins with a brief review of the socioeconomic situation , energy resources, and energy consumptions in Turkey. The estimates f or the sustainability years of fossil fuels and the potential of renew able energies are given. Hydropower, biomass, geothermal, solar, wind, wave, sea currents, and salt gradient are, in order of priority, list ed among the renewable energy resources of the country. The importance of energy conservation is discussed in conjunction with the research results produced for the conditions of the country. For the reference year 1989, potentials for energy savings are estimated in the resident al, industrial, transport, and power sectors. The validity of the find ings is discussed. Air pollution levels due to fossil-fuel consumption are pointed out. In this context, the role of renewables is indicated . The economics of solar and biogas heating systems are reviewed. The article concludes with a discussion of research gaps in national energ y planning. Exploitation and management of indigenous fossil fuels, ef ficient utilization of energy, application of renewable energy systems , and implementation of environmental regulations are listed among the main topics.