A. Vergis, ON THE MULTIPLE-FAULT TESTABILITY OF GENERALIZED COUNTERS, IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of integrated circuits and systems, 12(6), 1993, pp. 905-909
It is shown that any generalized counter of full-adder cells is testab
le for multiple faults with a test set of size proportional to the num
ber of cells. Any number of cells can be faulty in any way, as long as
the faults are permanent, the cells remain combinational, and no sign
al values other than 0,1 are generated. For an N-cell circuit, the siz
e of the test set is no larger than [29N/3] + 1.