Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has slowly developed over the past qu
arter of a century to a position now where a number of sources are kno
wn to produce gamma-rays in the energy range 10(11)eV to 10(18)eV. The
observations are difficult, with exceptional signal to noise problems
, but improved techniques are now allowing observers to proceed with c
onfidence. In this paper the physical bases of the observations are em
phasised to show the important issues in the field and the present sta
te of the observations is indicated.