Since the nineteenth century, social scientists have been unable to ex
plain age and gender differentials in the risk of suicide. Almost univ
ersally, men have a greater risk of suicide than women. Furthermore, i
n economically developed countries, the risk tends to be highest for m
en in old age and for women in middle age. Age patterns of suicide in
some Third World countries are fundamentally different than this. I te
st an interdisciplinary theory that focuses on role identities, econom
ic development, and kinship institutions to account for these patterns
.