Pulmonary infections, which frequently occur during the early and late
period following bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignan
cies, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this
study the incidence, the infectious causes of pneumonia and the morta
lity related to pneumonia in 130 allogeneic and 290 autologous bone ma
rrow recipients are reviewed. Both the incidence and the mortality by
pneumonia were far lower in autologous than in allogeneic bone marrow
recipients.