Some structural investigations have been carried out in case of YBa2Cu
3O7-x and Bi2.2Ca2.1Sr0.7Cu2Oy using XANES as a probe and Cu2O and CuO
as reference compounds. While such studies have been performed in ter
ms of the pre-edge structure, principal absorption maximum and shoulde
r structure beyond the principal absorption maximum, complementary inf
ormation obtained from 2p core-level XPS of Cu has been used to ascert
ain charge transfer from oxygen 2p states to vacant 3d states of coppe
r.