Advances in instrumentation and process control capabilities are being
driven by the increased sensitivity of analytical chemistry methods,
the commoditization and ruggedization of instruments and associated el
ectronics, and changing consumer concerns and expectations, as well as
government regulations. The emergence of biotechnology methods for th
e detection of contaminants, as well as the miniaturization and rugged
ization of more standard analytical instruments based on mass spectrom
etry and infrared spectroscopy are discussed as related to on-line pro
cess monitoring.